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Personal Independence Payment (PIP) — Your Complete Rights Guide

PIP is a benefit for people with a long-term health condition or disability that affects daily living or mobility. It is not means-tested — your income and savings do not affect eligibility. Around 3.6 million people in Great Britain receive PIP, but many more are entitled and don't claim. This guide explains what PIP is, how assessments work, what rates you can get, and how to challenge a decision.

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Who can claim PIP?

You may be able to get PIP if:

  • You're aged 16 to State Pension age
  • You have a physical or mental health condition or disability
  • The condition has affected you for at least 3 months
  • You expect it to affect you for at least 9 more months
  • You live in England, Scotland, or Wales (Northern Ireland has a separate system — see below)
Northern Ireland: PIP in Northern Ireland is administered by the Department for Communities (DfC), not DWP. The application process is broadly similar but run separately. Call 0800 587 0932 to apply.
Scotland — Adult Disability Payment (ADP): Scotland is replacing PIP with ADP, administered by Social Security Scotland. If you're a new claimant in Scotland, you apply for ADP. Existing PIP claimants in Scotland are being transferred to ADP automatically. The principles and rates are the same.

The two components — Daily Living and Mobility

PIP is split into two components. You can receive one, both, or neither depending on your assessment score.

ComponentStandard rate (2024/25)Enhanced rate (2024/25)
Daily Living£72.65/week£108.55/week
Mobility£28.70/week£75.75/week

The Daily Living component covers activities like preparing food, washing, dressing, managing medications, communicating, and engaging with others. You need to score at least 8 points for the standard rate, or 12 for enhanced.

The Mobility component covers planning and following journeys, and moving around. You need to score at least 8 points for standard rate, or 12 for enhanced.

The assessment process

The PIP assessment is carried out by a healthcare professional (HCP) working for a private contractor (currently Capita or Atos, depending on your area). It's not a medical examination — it's a functional assessment of how your condition affects you day-to-day.

1
Submit your claim
Call DWP on 0800 917 2222 to start a claim. They'll send you a PIP2 form ('How your disability affects you'). You have 1 month to return it. Take your time — this form is crucial and should describe your worst days, not your best.
2
Face-to-face or telephone assessment
Most people are called for an assessment. You can take someone with you. Ask for the assessment to be recorded. The HCP will ask about your daily activities and mobility. Be honest about what you struggle with — don't downplay difficulties.
3
DWP makes a decision
The HCP sends a report to DWP. A DWP decision-maker then makes the actual decision. You'll receive a decision letter explaining your award (or refusal) and your points score for each activity.
4
If you disagree, challenge it
Around 70% of PIP appeals succeed at tribunal. If you're refused or awarded a lower rate than you expected, challenge the decision — see below.
Important: When describing how your condition affects you, always describe the full impact — including bad days, time taken, pain, fatigue, and whether you need aids, adaptations, or help from another person. The assessment looks at what you "can't do reliably, repeatedly, safely, or in a timely manner" — not just whether you technically can do something.

How to challenge a PIP decision

You have the right to challenge any PIP decision. There are two stages before an independent tribunal:

1
Request a Mandatory Reconsideration (MR)
You must do this within 1 month of the decision letter. Contact DWP in writing. Explain which activities you believe you scored incorrectly on, and why. Include supporting evidence from your GP, specialist, or support worker.
2
Appeal to the First-tier Tribunal
If the MR confirms the original decision (which is likely — MRs rarely succeed), you have 1 month from the MR notice to appeal. The tribunal is independent of DWP. Around 70% of PIP appeals are decided in the claimant's favour at this stage.
  • You can ask for a paper-based or oral hearing — oral hearings have a much higher success rate
  • A friend, family member, or welfare rights adviser can attend with you
  • You can ask for adjustments if you have difficulty attending (video link, home visit)
  • Your benefit continues at the current rate while you wait for tribunal
  • You do not need a lawyer — most successful appellants represent themselves or use a free adviser
Get free help from Citizens Advice, a local law centre, or a welfare rights service when preparing your appeal. They can help you identify the strongest arguments and gather the right evidence.

PIP and other benefits

Receiving PIP can increase or unlock other entitlements:

  • PIP Daily Living component (either rate) entitles you to the Carer's Allowance if someone cares for you
  • PIP Mobility component (enhanced) may entitle you to a Motability vehicle or the Blue Badge scheme
  • PIP can top up Universal Credit (adding a disability premium)
  • PIP is disregarded as income — it does not reduce your UC, Housing Benefit, or other means-tested benefits
  • Council Tax reduction — some councils offer a discount if you receive PIP

Get advice about your specific situation

Ash is a free UK guidance assistant. Ask about your rights, get step-by-step guidance, and generate a formal letter if you need one.

Talk to Ash — it's free

No sign-up · No account · Works for England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland

Related guides

Mandatory Reconsideration
How to formally challenge a DWP decision — required before appealing.
Benefits Appeals
Taking your case to an independent First-tier Tribunal.
ESA
Employment & Support Allowance for those unable to work due to illness or disability.
Universal Credit
UC and how disability affects your entitlement.