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Subscription Traps: How to Cancel and Get Your Money Back

Last updated: Checked against primary legislation on legislation.gov.uk

Subscription traps, also called dark patterns or negative option billing, are tactics that make it difficult to cancel recurring payments or that continue charging you after you believe you have cancelled. Under UK consumer law, businesses have clear obligations around subscription transparency, cancellation rights, and what happens to your money after you cancel. This guide explains your rights and how to stop unwanted subscriptions.

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What makes a subscription contract unfair?

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013, subscription businesses must:

  • Make the recurring nature of the subscription clear before you sign up, not buried in small print
  • Clearly show the price, what it covers, and how often you will be charged
  • Provide clear cancellation instructions, they cannot make cancellation intentionally difficult
  • Not continue charging after you have cancelled (within your cancellation window)
  • Send a reminder before a free trial converts to a paid subscription (for subscriptions entered since April 2024, Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2025 incoming reforms)
  • Not use pre-ticked boxes to sign you up for additional subscriptions
The Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers (DMCC) Act 2025 contains specific new rules on subscription contracts, including mandatory cancellation reminders, clearer cooling-off rights, and a requirement to offer simple online cancellation. These provisions are expected to come into force in late 2025 or 2026. Check gov.uk for the latest position.

Your right to cancel, the 14-day cooling-off period

If you signed up for a subscription online, by phone, or away from the company's premises, you usually have a 14-day cooling-off period to cancel without giving a reason:

  • The 14 days starts from the day after you sign up (or receive the confirmation, whichever is later)
  • You do not need to give a reason, just notify the company that you are cancelling within 14 days
  • The company must refund you within 14 days of the cancellation
  • If the company failed to tell you about your cancellation rights, the 14-day period can be extended by up to 12 months
  • Exception: if you expressly asked for the service to begin within the 14-day period, you may owe a proportionate payment for what was provided
  • Exception: digital content that has already been downloaded or streamed, where you gave your consent for immediate access

How to cancel a subscription that's hard to cancel

1
Try the company's cancellation method first
Use the cancellation method specified in the terms, account settings, email, or phone. Screenshot or save evidence of every step you take. If an online button doesn't work, screenshot the error. If you call, note the time, date, and name of the person you spoke to.
2
Follow up in writing
Send a written cancellation notice by email (to the company's support or billing address) stating the date you want cancellation to take effect and requesting confirmation. This creates a paper trail. Keep the sent email.
3
Dispute charges after attempted cancellation
If you attempted to cancel and the company kept charging you, those charges after your attempted cancellation may be recoverable via chargeback. Contact your bank and explain that you cancelled but continued to be charged. Provide evidence of your cancellation attempts.
4
Block future payments
Contact your bank and ask them to block future payments to this company. For direct debits: you can cancel a direct debit directly with your bank, the bank must comply, and you can do this even without telling the company. For continuous payment authority (recurring card payments): tell your bank to cancel the authority, they must do so under Payment Services Regulations 2017.
5
Escalate the complaint
If the company refuses to refund charges after cancellation, make a formal complaint to the company. If unresolved, escalate to the relevant alternative dispute resolution (ADR) scheme or the Financial Ombudsman Service (if it's a financial product). For general retail subscriptions, you can also report to Trading Standards or the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).
Continuous payment authority (CPA) vs direct debit: Many subscriptions use CPAs, a recurring card payment authorised by giving your card number. You have the right to cancel a CPA with your bank at any time, even without contacting the company. Your bank must cancel it if you instruct them to, this is confirmed in Payment Services Regulations 2017 and FCA guidance.

Free trials that convert to paid subscriptions

Free trials that automatically become paid subscriptions are a common source of complaints:

  • You must have been clearly told the trial would convert to a paid subscription, vague small print is not sufficient
  • If the company did not clearly disclose that your card would be charged after the trial, any charges may be recoverable
  • The 14-day cooling-off right applies to the paid subscription that begins after the trial, but only if the trial itself was within the 14-day window
  • Chargeback: if you were charged without adequate notice of the trial ending, you can chargeback the payment on the grounds of the charge not being clearly authorised
  • Under incoming DMCC Act 2025 rules: companies will be required to send a reminder before a free trial converts, and to make cancellation easy during that reminder notice period

Getting your money back

Routes to recover money from subscription traps:

Chargeback (debit or credit card)
If you were charged after cancellation, or if you were signed up without clear consent, you can chargeback the payment. Time limit: 120 days from the charge. State that the subscription was cancelled and charges continued, or that you did not authorise the subscription.
Section 75 (credit card over £100)
If the total amount charged was over £100 and paid by credit card, Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 gives you a legal right to claim against your credit card provider. Useful where the company has gone bust or refuses to refund.
Direct debit guarantee
If payments were by direct debit and the company changed the amount or date without giving you the required advance notice, your bank must give you a full and immediate refund under the Direct Debit Guarantee.
Small Claims Court
If other routes fail and the amount is significant, you can take the company to the Small Claims Court (MCOL, Money Claim Online) for up to £10,000. Filing fee from £35.

Gym memberships, special rules

Gym contracts have specific rules under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and Unfair Terms guidance:

  • If you signed up for a rolling monthly gym membership, you should be able to cancel with one month's notice
  • Longer minimum-term gym contracts (e.g. 12-month minimums) may be enforceable, but only if you were clearly told about the minimum term before signing
  • You may be able to cancel a gym contract early for specific reasons: serious illness or injury (with medical evidence), relocation more than a set distance from the gym, significant change in the service offered
  • CMA guidance (from OFT guidance it replaced) says gym contracts cannot prevent members from cancelling in circumstances of genuine hardship or if the gym has materially changed the service
  • If the gym has been closed for a period (e.g. pandemic closure), charges during closure should be refundable

Reporting subscription traps

  • Citizens Advice: report traders, they pass information to Trading Standards
  • Competition and Markets Authority (CMA): the CMA has taken enforcement action against companies using dark patterns in subscriptions (report at gov.uk/cma)
  • Financial Conduct Authority (FCA): if the subscription is a financial product (insurance, credit, investment), report to the FCA
  • Action Fraud: if you believe you were scammed (not just a difficult-to-cancel legitimate subscription), report to Action Fraud
  • Which? Scam Sharer: report subscription scams to help warn other consumers

Get instant help right now

A Citizens Advice appointment can take weeks. Our free assistant is available 24/7 with no appointment, giving you clear, step-by-step answers about your exact situation, what to do next, and the deadlines that matter.

Instant answers24/7, No appointmentFree to usePrivate, No sign-up
Chat with Advisor, it's free

Need to take action? It can draft a ready-to-send formal letter for you (optional, from £4.99).
England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland.

Frequently asked questions

Can I get my money back if I was charged after cancelling a subscription?

Yes, if you have evidence that you attempted to cancel and the company continued charging you, those charges are recoverable. Use chargeback (within 120 days of each charge) for card payments, contact your bank and explain the subscription was cancelled but charges continued. If payment was by direct debit, your bank can cancel the mandate immediately under your instruction.

How do I cancel a continuous payment authority (CPA)?

A CPA (recurring card payment) can be cancelled by instructing your bank directly, you don't need the company's cooperation. Call or write to your bank and ask them to cancel the CPA. Under Payment Services Regulations 2017 and FCA guidance, your bank must cancel the authority if you instruct them to, even without telling the company. Any charges after your instruction to the bank may be chargeable back.

Do I have a right to cancel within 14 days?

Yes, for subscriptions signed up online, by phone, or away from the company's premises, you have a 14-day cooling-off period starting from the day after sign-up. You can cancel without giving a reason and receive a full refund (subject to deductions if you asked for the service to start immediately). If the company failed to tell you about this right, the period extends by up to 12 months.

The company makes it impossible to cancel online, is that legal?

No, under the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, a business must provide a clear means of cancellation and cannot make cancellation intentionally difficult. The incoming Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2025 will impose further requirements for simple, easy cancellation. If a company makes cancellation unreasonably difficult, you can cancel in writing by email and report the company to Trading Standards or the CMA.

My gym won't let me cancel, what can I do?

If you are within a minimum-term contract, you may have limited rights to cancel early unless you have a genuine reason (illness, relocation, significant change to the service). However, if the gym did not make the minimum term clearly obvious before you signed, the term may be unenforceable as unfair. If the gym has materially changed its service or had prolonged closures, you may have grounds to cancel. Contact Citizens Advice for advice on your specific gym contract.

Related guides

Refunds
Your right to a refund and the cooling-off period.
Chargeback
How to recover money through your bank.
Online Shopping
Consumer rights when buying online.
Section 75
Credit card joint liability for purchases over £100.
Small Claims
Taking a company to court when other routes fail.

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https://www.knowyourrightsuk.com/consumer/subscription-traps
Know Your Rights UK. "Subscription Traps: How to Cancel and Get Your Money Back." Know Your Rights UK, https://www.knowyourrightsuk.com/consumer/subscription-traps